A new development partnership will improve the efficiency and reduce the weight of transmissions through the increased use of structural plastics. Drive System Design (DSD) and Solvay aim to make the large scale use of plastic composites in transmissions a viable solution for future vehicles. DSD is contributing the transmission know-how while Solvay the materials expertise.
Explains DSD’s president for North America, Shaun Mepham, “The partnership began when we worked together on a plastic transmission housing to improve the NVH of an electric vehicle. The approach was so effective that it raised the possibility of improving the efficiency of the meshing gears by using tooth geometry that would normally be considered unacceptable because of noise.”
The improved efficiency due to the greater inherent damping provided by polymeric materials permits the use of gears that are much more efficient but would have unacceptable noise characteristics in a conventional casing. Examples of this approach include the use of reduced helix angles or spur gears and high efficiency tooth profiles with shorter height for reduced sliding and increased rolling.
Potential exists for shafts, casings and hydraulic cylinders to be made from plastic, suitably reinforced where appropriate. Full implementation could produce savings of up to 45% in terms of the casing weight for a typical passenger car transmission although with an NVH ‘skin’ included this reduces to 25%, but enables a reduction in transmission losses of up to 0.5% per gear mesh.
“New and unfamiliar materials bring pitfalls for the unwary because of the subtleties of the mechanical properties, which can change by up to 50% over the operating temperature range due to non-linear behavior. It’s always good practice to work with a materials supplier from the earliest stage of design but when the material properties are as different as polymers and metals it is absolutely essential.”
DSD and Solvay are in discussions with vehicle manufacturers to determine the areas within transmission and driveline systems that offer the best potential for material substitution in the future.
According to Solvay’s global automotive marketing manager, Mark Wright, it is important to approach potential customers with a range of alternative ideas. “Each customer has individual priorities, whether that is related to weight reduction, NVH improvement or increased efficiency. We have to reflect that by presenting the most appropriate options for their particular case.”
The technology is currently in the development phase to optimize the most suitable materials and processes in a near production-ready state. DSD and Solvay anticipate a 5 to 10-year timescale before the first applications come to market. Once proven in niche applications such as in EVs, and processing costs have been reduced by expanding the volumes, it could become a mainstream technology for passenger car transmissions.